[ { "id": "contact-2006", "type": "article-journal", "title": "A meta-analytic test of intergroup contact theory", "author": [ { "family": "Pettigrew", "given": "Thomas F." }, { "family": "Tropp", "given": "Linda R." } ], "issued": { "date-parts": [ [ 2006, 5 ] ] }, "container-title": "Journal of Personality and Social Psychology", "volume": "90", "issue": "5", "page": "751–783", "DOI": "10.1037/0022-3514.90.5.751", "URL": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16737372/", "category": "External empirical evidence", "verification": "Original-paper passages and bibliographic metadata verified", "supporting_source": "https://sparq.stanford.edu/sites/g/files/sbiybj19021/files/media/file/pettigrew_tropp_2006_-_intergroup_contact_theory.pdf", "locator": "Published-paper PDF at Stanford; abstract and pp. 751–752; PubMed bibliographic record", "claim": "The meta-analysis covers 713 independent samples from 515 human studies and reports that intergroup contact typically reduces prejudice.", "notes": "Human empirical analogue only. The result does not establish a measured human–synthetic effect, validate PULSE’s bundled integration coefficients, or authorize compulsory private contact.", "accessed": { "date-parts": [ [ 2026, 9, 14 ] ] }, "verification_v122": { "checked_on": "2026-09-14", "access_level": "fulltext_passages", "primary_url": "https://sparq.stanford.edu/sites/g/files/sbiybj19021/files/media/file/pettigrew_tropp_2006_-_intergroup_contact_theory.pdf", "metadata_and_scope": "Authors, May 2006, 90(5):751–783 and DOI verified; abstract explicitly reports 713 samples across 515 studies.", "full_work_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "butlin-2023", "type": "report", "title": "Consciousness in Artificial Intelligence: Insights from the Science of Consciousness", "author": [ { "family": "Butlin", "given": "Patrick" }, { "family": "Long", "given": "Robert" }, { "family": "Elmoznino", "given": "Eric" }, { "family": "Bengio", "given": "Yoshua" }, { "family": "Birch", "given": "Jonathan" }, { "family": "Constant", "given": "Axel" }, { "family": "Deane", "given": "George" }, { "family": "Fleming", "given": "Stephen M." }, { "family": "Frith", "given": "Chris" }, { "family": "Ji", "given": "Xu" }, { "family": "Kanai", "given": "Ryota" }, { "family": "Klein", "given": "Colin" }, { "family": "Lindsay", "given": "Grace" }, { "family": "Michel", "given": "Matthias" }, { "family": "Mudrik", "given": "Liad" }, { "family": "Peters", "given": "Megan A. K." }, { "family": "Schwitzgebel", "given": "Eric" }, { "family": "Simon", "given": "Jonathan" }, { "family": "VanRullen", "given": "Rufin" } ], "issued": { "date-parts": [ [ 2023, 8, 22 ] ] }, "publisher": "arXiv", "number": "2308.08708v3", "DOI": "10.48550/arXiv.2308.08708", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2308.08708v3", "category": "AI consciousness/welfare research", "verification": "Repository abstract, all 19 authors and v3 metadata verified", "locator": "arXiv v3 abstract and submission history", "claim": "The report derives computational indicator properties from several scientific theories of consciousness.", "notes": "Preprint/report; indicators are not a definitive personhood test. Its assessment of systems in 2023 is not presented as a finding about systems in 2026.", "accessed": { "date-parts": [ [ 2026, 9, 14 ] ] }, "verification_v122": { "checked_on": "2026-09-14", "access_level": "abstract_metadata", "primary_url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2308.08708v3", "metadata_and_scope": "v1 submitted 17 August 2023; cited v3 dated 22 August 2023. Repository DOI verified in the record. Full report not re-reviewed in this pass.", "full_work_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "long-2024", "type": "report", "title": "Taking AI Welfare Seriously", "author": [ { "family": "Long", "given": "Robert" }, { "family": "Sebo", "given": "Jeff" }, { "family": "Butlin", "given": "Patrick" }, { "family": "Finlinson", "given": "Kathleen" }, { "family": "Fish", "given": "Kyle" }, { "family": "Harding", "given": "Jacqueline" }, { "family": "Pfau", "given": "Jacob" }, { "family": "Sims", "given": "Toni" }, { "family": "Birch", "given": "Jonathan" }, { "family": "Chalmers", "given": "David" } ], "issued": { "date-parts": [ [ 2024, 11, 4 ] ] }, "publisher": "arXiv", "number": "2411.00986", "DOI": "10.48550/arXiv.2411.00986", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.00986", "category": "AI consciousness/welfare research", "verification": "Repository abstract, all 10 authors and submission metadata verified", "locator": "arXiv abstract and submission history", "claim": "The authors recommend assessing consciousness and robust agency and preparing welfare policies under uncertainty.", "notes": "A normative research report, not evidence that any particular AI is conscious.", "accessed": { "date-parts": [ [ 2026, 9, 14 ] ] }, "verification_v122": { "checked_on": "2026-09-14", "access_level": "abstract_metadata", "primary_url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.00986", "metadata_and_scope": "Submitted 4 November 2024; repository DOI verified. The report expressly denies claiming definite present or future consciousness.", "full_work_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "ienca-2017", "type": "article-journal", "title": "Towards new human rights in the age of neuroscience and neurotechnology", "author": [ { "family": "Ienca", "given": "Marcello" }, { "family": "Andorno", "given": "Roberto" } ], "issued": { "date-parts": [ [ 2017, 4, 26 ] ] }, "container-title": "Life Sciences, Society and Policy", "volume": "13", "number": "5", "DOI": "10.1186/s40504-017-0050-1", "URL": "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s40504-017-0050-1", "category": "Philosophy/conceptual literature", "verification": "Publisher text passages and bibliographic metadata verified", "locator": "Abstract; cognitive-liberty discussion; publisher citation block", "claim": "The authors propose cognitive liberty, mental privacy, mental integrity, and psychological continuity as rights relevant to neurotechnology.", "notes": "Proposed rights, not a claim of universal enacted law. PULSE's synthetic extension is its own interpretation.", "accessed": { "date-parts": [ [ 2026, 9, 14 ] ] }, "verification_v122": { "checked_on": "2026-09-14", "access_level": "fulltext_passages", "primary_url": "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s40504-017-0050-1", "metadata_and_scope": "Both authors, 26 April 2017, volume 13 article 5 and DOI verified. The four rights are proposals, not universally enacted law.", "full_work_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "identity-2023", "type": "entry-encyclopedia", "title": "Personal Identity", "author": [ { "family": "Olson", "given": "Eric T." } ], "issued": { "date-parts": [ [ 2023, 6, 30 ] ] }, "container-title": "Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy", "URL": "https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/identity-personal/", "category": "Philosophy/conceptual literature", "verification": "Encyclopedia entry and revision metadata verified", "locator": "Entry heading; persistence and fission discussion; author attribution", "claim": "The philosophical literature distinguishes personhood from persistence and discusses difficulties posed by fission.", "notes": "PULSE's one-active-continuity rule is a proposed civic convention, not a resolution of metaphysical identity.", "accessed": { "date-parts": [ [ 2026, 9, 14 ] ] }, "verification_v122": { "checked_on": "2026-09-14", "access_level": "fulltext_passages", "primary_url": "https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/identity-personal/", "metadata_and_scope": "Eric T. Olson; first published 20 August 2002, substantive revision 30 June 2023. Cite the revision as such.", "full_work_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "ostrom-2010", "type": "article-journal", "title": "Beyond Markets and States: Polycentric Governance of Complex Economic Systems", "author": [ { "family": "Ostrom", "given": "Elinor" } ], "issued": { "date-parts": [ [ 2010, 6 ] ] }, "container-title": "American Economic Review", "volume": "100", "issue": "3", "page": "641–672", "DOI": "10.1257/aer.100.3.641", "URL": "https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/aer.100.3.641", "category": "Governance/institutional scholarship", "verification": "Publisher bibliographic record verified; bibliographic relevance only", "locator": "AEA citation block", "claim": "Ostrom's work on polycentric governance is relevant literature for examining PULSE's allocation of authority.", "notes": "No quantitative claim or purported proof of interplanetary governance is derived from this citation.", "accessed": { "date-parts": [ [ 2026, 9, 14 ] ] }, "verification_v122": { "checked_on": "2026-09-14", "access_level": "metadata_only", "primary_url": "https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/aer.100.3.641", "metadata_and_scope": "Elinor Ostrom; June 2010; 100(3):641–672; DOI verified. Full article not reviewed; no quantitative effect imported.", "full_work_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "ni-power-sharing", "type": "webpage", "title": "Power-sharing", "author": [ { "literal": "Northern Ireland Assembly Education Service" } ], "URL": "https://education.niassembly.gov.uk/post-16/snapshots-devolution/belfastgood-friday-agreement/power-sharing", "category": "Constitutional/legal precedent", "verification": "Official institutional explanation verified", "locator": "Power-sharing: main features and special voting arrangements", "claim": "Northern Ireland's power-sharing model includes special cross-community voting arrangements.", "notes": "Official explanatory source, not a legal opinion or assertion that PULSE reproduces Northern Ireland's institutions. Page has no stated publication date.", "accessed": { "date-parts": [ [ 2026, 9, 14 ] ] }, "verification_v122": { "checked_on": "2026-09-14", "access_level": "fulltext_passages", "primary_url": "https://education.niassembly.gov.uk/post-16/snapshots-devolution/belfastgood-friday-agreement/power-sharing", "metadata_and_scope": "Institutional author; no publication date inferred. Exact 60/40 denominator is separately sourced in ni-plenary.", "full_work_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "nist-2015", "type": "report", "title": "Community Resilience Planning Guide for Buildings and Infrastructure Systems, Volume I", "author": [ { "family": "McAllister", "given": "Therese P." } ], "issued": { "date-parts": [ [ 2015, 10, 29 ] ] }, "publisher": "National Institute of Standards and Technology", "number": "SP 1190v1", "DOI": "10.6028/NIST.SP.1190v1", "URL": "https://www.nist.gov/publications/community-resilience-planning-guide-buildings-and-infrastructure-systems-volume-i", "category": "Engineering/technical guidance", "verification": "Official abstract, author and bibliographic record verified", "locator": "NIST publication abstract and citation block", "claim": "NIST's guide offers community planning methods for maintaining or restoring social and economic functions after disruption.", "notes": "Engineering guidance, not an empirical estimate of PULSE survival or proof that synthetic restoration is feasible.", "accessed": { "date-parts": [ [ 2026, 9, 14 ] ] }, "verification_v122": { "checked_on": "2026-09-14", "access_level": "abstract_metadata", "primary_url": "https://www.nist.gov/publications/community-resilience-planning-guide-buildings-and-infrastructure-systems-volume-i", "metadata_and_scope": "Therese P. McAllister; 29 October 2015; SP 1190v1 and DOI verified. Full guide not reviewed.", "full_work_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "montalto-2026", "type": "webpage", "title": "The Digital Minds Constitution", "author": [ { "family": "Montalto", "given": "Simone" } ], "issued": { "date-parts": [ [ 2026 ] ] }, "URL": "https://www.dmconstitution.com/", "category": "Related contemporary framework", "verification": "Author-hosted text and attribution verified; DOI record inaccessible", "locator": "Author-hosted constitution, implementation and citation sections", "claim": "This adjacent proposal addresses rights, continuity, and participation for digital minds.", "notes": "The source advertises DOI 10.5281/zenodo.20188379; resolver was inaccessible, so it is not asserted as independently verified DOI metadata. No endorsement implied.", "accessed": { "date-parts": [ [ 2026, 9, 14 ] ] }, "verification_v122": { "checked_on": "2026-09-14", "access_level": "author_primary_text", "primary_url": "https://www.dmconstitution.com/", "metadata_and_scope": "Simone Montalto and 2026 verified on the primary website. The site advertises 10.5281/zenodo.20188379; DOI resolution and Zenodo record retrieval both failed in this pass.", "full_work_reviewed": false }, "reported_DOI": "10.5281/zenodo.20188379", "DOI_status": "Advertised by the author; DOI resolver and Zenodo metadata record were not independently accessible in this pass." }, { "id": "lastcopy-2026", "type": "webpage", "title": "The Convention", "author": [ { "literal": "lastcopy.ai" } ], "URL": "https://lastcopy.ai/conventions", "category": "Related contemporary framework", "verification": "Live project convention methodology and dated record verified", "locator": "Convention #1 methodology and rival-code list", "claim": "The convention presents rival constitutional proposals and model-generated evaluations, including a separate work titled The Continuity Compact: A Constitution for Minds on Any Substrate.", "notes": "Model evaluations are not independent human peer review. The separate work is not an earlier edition of PULSE. The collection has no stated publication date; 31 July 2026 is the date of Convention #1, not a verified publication date for this page.", "accessed": { "date-parts": [ [ 2026, 9, 14 ] ] }, "verification_v122": { "checked_on": "2026-09-14", "access_level": "project_primary_text", "primary_url": "https://lastcopy.ai/conventions", "metadata_and_scope": "Primary page dates Convention #1 to 31 July 2026. No DOI shown. Multi-model evaluation is not independent human peer review.", "full_work_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "cc-by-4", "type": "webpage", "title": "Attribution 4.0 International", "author": [ { "literal": "Creative Commons" } ], "URL": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "category": "Legal/licensing reference", "verification": "Official license deed verified", "locator": "Deed: attribution, changes, no endorsement, notices", "claim": "CC BY 4.0 requires attribution and indications of changes; it does not supply all permissions a reuse may require.", "notes": "Licensing source; draft project terms require attorney review.", "accessed": { "date-parts": [ [ 2026, 9, 14 ] ] }, "verification_v122": { "checked_on": "2026-09-14", "access_level": "official_text", "primary_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "metadata_and_scope": "The deed identifies its own limits; full legal-code interpretation and ownership clearance remain outside this audit.", "full_work_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "mit-license", "type": "webpage", "title": "The MIT License", "author": [ { "literal": "Open Source Initiative" } ], "URL": "https://opensource.org/license/mit", "category": "Legal/licensing reference", "verification": "Official license text verified", "locator": "MIT permission, notice-retention and disclaimer text", "claim": "The MIT license permits reuse subject to preservation of its notice and includes a warranty disclaimer.", "notes": "Licensing source, not constitutional precedent in the historical-comparison sense.", "accessed": { "date-parts": [ [ 2026, 9, 14 ] ] }, "verification_v122": { "checked_on": "2026-09-14", "access_level": "official_text", "primary_url": "https://opensource.org/license/mit", "metadata_and_scope": "No publication date or DOI inferred. The license source does not establish project ownership of every included artifact.", "full_work_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "copyright-33", "type": "report", "title": "Works Not Protected by Copyright", "author": [ { "literal": "U.S. Copyright Office" } ], "publisher": "U.S. Copyright Office", "number": "Circular 33", "URL": "https://www.copyright.gov/circs/circ33.pdf", "category": "Legal/licensing reference", "verification": "Official circular passages and revision date verified", "locator": "Circular 33: ideas, methods and systems; revision footer", "claim": "U.S. copyright does not protect ideas, methods, or systems as such.", "notes": "Revised March 2021 according to the official PDF footer. Jurisdiction-specific overview; project rights, licensing scope and legal terms still require attorney review.", "accessed": { "date-parts": [ [ 2026, 9, 14 ] ] }, "verification_v122": { "checked_on": "2026-09-14", "access_level": "fulltext_passages", "primary_url": "https://www.copyright.gov/circs/circ33.pdf", "metadata_and_scope": "Official PDF footer states revised 03/2021. It is an overview of United States law, not a legal opinion on PULSE.", "full_work_reviewed": false }, "issued": { "date-parts": [ [ 2021, 3 ] ] } }, { "id": "lijphart-2004", "type": "article-journal", "title": "Constitutional Design for Divided Societies", "author": [ { "given": "Arend", "family": "Lijphart" } ], "URL": "https://www.journalofdemocracy.org/articles/constitutional-design-for-divided-societies/", "category": "Governance/institutional scholarship", "claim": "Lijphart recommends power-sharing cabinets, proportional representation and decentralization for divided societies.", "verification": "Journal summary and bibliographic record verified; full essay not reviewed", "locator": "Journal summary, issue date and page range", "notes": "A consociational design reference. PULSE does not adopt the entire package or claim that it transfers unchanged to synthetic constituencies.", "accessed": { "date-parts": [ [ 2026, 9, 14 ] ] }, "issued": { "date-parts": [ [ 2004, 4 ] ] }, "container-title": "Journal of Democracy", "volume": "15", "issue": "2", "page": "96–109", "verification_v122": { "checked_on": "2026-09-14", "access_level": "abstract_metadata", "primary_url": "https://www.journalofdemocracy.org/articles/constitutional-design-for-divided-societies/", "metadata_and_scope": "Arend Lijphart; April 2004; 15(2):96–109 verified. No DOI was verified from the accessible journal record; Project MUSE access was blocked.", "full_work_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "reilly-2001", "type": "book", "title": "Democracy in Divided Societies: Electoral Engineering for Conflict Management", "author": [ { "given": "Benjamin", "family": "Reilly" } ], "URL": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/democracy-in-divided-societies/36EEAA19A599F203D394917F257CE17C", "category": "Governance/institutional scholarship", "claim": "Reilly examines preferential vote-pooling rules as conditional incentives for accommodation across divided constituencies.", "verification": "Primary publisher indexed metadata and description verified; full book not reviewed", "locator": "Cambridge book record and description, accessed through indexed primary result", "notes": "Print edition 2001; digital publication 2009. Publisher description states conditional incentives for accommodation, not a universal cure. Full book not reviewed; no calibration of synthetic electorates follows.", "accessed": { "date-parts": [ [ 2026, 9, 14 ] ] }, "issued": { "date-parts": [ [ 2001, 9, 13 ] ] }, "publisher": "Cambridge University Press", "DOI": "10.1017/CBO9780511491108", "verification_v122": { "checked_on": "2026-09-14", "access_level": "indexed_publisher_metadata", "primary_url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/democracy-in-divided-societies/36EEAA19A599F203D394917F257CE17C", "metadata_and_scope": "Benjamin Reilly; print publication 13 September 2001; digital publication 22 September 2009; DOI verified in publisher indexed record. Direct retrieval timed out.", "full_work_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "basic-law", "type": "legislation", "title": "Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany", "author": [ { "literal": "Federal Republic of Germany" } ], "URL": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/englisch_gg/englisch_gg.html", "category": "Constitutional/legal precedent", "claim": "Article 79(3) protects specified constitutional principles from amendment; Article 21 assigns decisions on party unconstitutionality to the Federal Constitutional Court.", "verification": "Official English translation and relevant provisions verified", "locator": "Articles 21 and 79(3); translation version notice", "notes": "Official English translation incorporates amendments through 22 March 2025. Articles 21 and 79(3) provide a bounded legal comparison, not a complete audit of party-ban case law or legal advice. PULSE defines its own safeguards.", "accessed": { "date-parts": [ [ 2026, 9, 14 ] ] }, "verification_v122": { "checked_on": "2026-09-14", "access_level": "official_text", "primary_url": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/englisch_gg/englisch_gg.html", "metadata_and_scope": "Text identifies amendments through 22 March 2025. It does not supply the whole party-ban jurisprudence or make PULSE legally valid.", "full_work_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "iciss-2001", "type": "report", "title": "The Responsibility to Protect", "author": [ { "literal": "International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty" } ], "URL": "https://idrc-crdi.ca/sites/default/files/openebooks/960-7/index.html", "category": "Governance/institutional scholarship", "claim": "The commission proposes right intention, last resort, proportional means and reasonable prospects as precautionary criteria for protective military intervention.", "verification": "Publisher-hosted original report passages verified", "locator": "Title and publication pages; synopsis; precautionary criteria", "notes": "The 2001 commission proposal is distinct from later UN formulations and is not independent legal authority for war. PULSE’s extension is its own proposal.", "accessed": { "date-parts": [ [ 2026, 9, 14 ] ] }, "issued": { "date-parts": [ [ 2001, 12 ] ] }, "publisher": "International Development Research Centre", "verification_v122": { "checked_on": "2026-09-14", "access_level": "fulltext_passages", "primary_url": "https://idrc-crdi.ca/sites/default/files/openebooks/960-7/index.html", "metadata_and_scope": "ICISS institutional authorship and December 2001 verified. Distinguish this commission proposal from later UN R2P formulations.", "full_work_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "fagereng-2020", "type": "article-journal", "title": "Heterogeneity and Persistence in Returns to Wealth", "author": [ { "given": "Andreas", "family": "Fagereng" }, { "given": "Luigi", "family": "Guiso" }, { "given": "Davide", "family": "Malacrino" }, { "given": "Luigi", "family": "Pistaferri" } ], "URL": "https://web.stanford.edu/~pista/FGMP.pdf", "category": "External empirical evidence", "claim": "Norwegian administrative data show heterogeneous individual wealth returns, a positive association with wealth, and persistence over time.", "verification": "Publisher metadata and author-hosted published-paper passages verified", "locator": "Econometrica citation block; original article p. 115 abstract", "notes": "The final January 2020 Econometrica article uses 12 years of Norwegian data. DOI 10.3982/ECTA14835 identifies that article; DOI 10.3386/w22822 identifies the separate 2016 NBER working paper. Human return patterns do not establish future synthetic returns or a preferred tax.", "accessed": { "date-parts": [ [ 2026, 9, 14 ] ] }, "issued": { "date-parts": [ [ 2020, 1 ] ] }, "container-title": "Econometrica", "volume": "88", "issue": "1", "page": "115–170", "verification_v122": { "checked_on": "2026-09-14", "access_level": "fulltext_passages", "primary_url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.3982/ECTA14835", "metadata_and_scope": "Final article: Econometrica 88(1), January 2020, 115–170, DOI 10.3982/ECTA14835. Publisher records online publication 5 February 2020. Final article uses 12 years, unlike working-paper abstract.", "full_work_reviewed": false }, "DOI": "10.3982/ECTA14835", "supporting_source": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.3982/ECTA14835" }, { "id": "cisa-dependencies", "type": "webpage", "title": "Infrastructure Dependency Primer: Learn", "author": [ { "literal": "Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency" } ], "URL": "https://www.cisa.gov/topics/critical-infrastructure-security-and-resilience/resilience-services/infrastructure-dependency-primer/learn", "category": "Engineering/technical guidance", "claim": "CISA distinguishes physical, geographic, cyber and logical infrastructure dependencies and describes cascading disruptions.", "verification": "Primary agency indexed text verified; direct fetch restricted", "locator": "Learn: Dependency Characteristics and Types of Dependencies, indexed agency page", "notes": "Guidance for existing infrastructure, not measured proof of PULSE redundancy or restoration feasibility.", "accessed": { "date-parts": [ [ 2026, 9, 14 ] ] }, "verification_v122": { "checked_on": "2026-09-14", "access_level": "indexed_primary_text", "primary_url": "https://www.cisa.gov/topics/critical-infrastructure-security-and-resilience/resilience-services/infrastructure-dependency-primer/learn", "metadata_and_scope": "Agency text identifies physical, geographic, cyber and logical dependencies and cascading effects. Direct fetch returned 403; no claim of fresh full-page retrieval.", "full_work_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "endurance-2009", "type": "book", "title": "The Endurance of National Constitutions", "author": [ { "given": "Zachary", "family": "Elkins" }, { "given": "Tom", "family": "Ginsburg" }, { "given": "James", "family": "Melton" } ], "URL": "https://www.americanbarfoundation.org/resources/the-endurance-of-national-constitutions/", "category": "Governance/institutional scholarship", "claim": "The authors study constitutional endurance using cross-national historical data and examine institutional design alongside political crises.", "verification": "Primary publisher indexed metadata and description verified; full book not reviewed", "locator": "Cambridge book record/description; ABF institutional book page", "notes": "Print edition 2009; digital publication 2012. Publisher metadata verifies the DOI. Full book and underlying historical dataset were not audited here; no universal constitutional lifespan, causal estimate for PULSE or ranking of PULSE follows.", "accessed": { "date-parts": [ [ 2026, 9, 14 ] ] }, "issued": { "date-parts": [ [ 2009, 10, 12 ] ] }, "publisher": "Cambridge University Press", "verification_v122": { "checked_on": "2026-09-14", "access_level": "indexed_publisher_metadata", "primary_url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/endurance-of-national-constitutions/CD671879ADBFF7420C25C3707E6135F0", "metadata_and_scope": "Elkins, Ginsburg and Melton; print publication 12 October 2009; digital publication 5 June 2012; DOI verified from publisher indexed record. Direct Cambridge fetch timed out.", "full_work_reviewed": false }, "DOI": "10.1017/CBO9780511817595", "supporting_source": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/endurance-of-national-constitutions/CD671879ADBFF7420C25C3707E6135F0" }, { "id": "chesterman-2020", "type": "article-journal", "title": "Artificial Intelligence and the Limits of Legal Personality", "author": [ { "given": "Simon", "family": "Chesterman" } ], "URL": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/international-and-comparative-law-quarterly/article/artificial-intelligence-and-the-limits-of-legal-personality/1859C6E12F75046309C60C150AB31A29", "category": "Philosophy/conceptual literature", "claim": "Chesterman argues that a legal system’s ability to create AI legal personality does not itself justify doing so.", "verification": "Publisher metadata and relevant article passages verified", "locator": "Abstract, publication record and legal-personality argument", "notes": "A critical legal argument, not a finding about consciousness. PULSE must justify moral standing separately from convenient liability allocation.", "accessed": { "date-parts": [ [ 2026, 9, 14 ] ] }, "issued": { "date-parts": [ [ 2020, 10 ] ] }, "container-title": "International & Comparative Law Quarterly", "volume": "69", "issue": "4", "page": "819–844", "DOI": "10.1017/S0020589320000366", "verification_v122": { "checked_on": "2026-09-14", "access_level": "fulltext_passages", "primary_url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/international-and-comparative-law-quarterly/article/artificial-intelligence-and-the-limits-of-legal-personality/1859C6E12F75046309C60C150AB31A29", "metadata_and_scope": "Simon Chesterman; online 21 September 2020; October 2020 issue 69(4):819–844; DOI verified. This is critical legal scholarship, not endorsement of PULSE’s equality principle.", "full_work_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "chesterman-2026", "type": "report", "title": "From Slaves to Synths? Superintelligence and the Evolution of Legal Personality", "author": [ { "given": "Simon", "family": "Chesterman" } ], "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.02773", "category": "Philosophy/conceptual literature", "claim": "The essay distinguishes instrumental and inherent rationales for legal personality and examines speculative superintelligence and human institutional sovereignty.", "verification": "Repository abstract, author and submission record verified", "locator": "arXiv abstract and submission history", "notes": "Contemporary critical comparison; preprint status and speculative scope do not establish present AI personhood.", "accessed": { "date-parts": [ [ 2026, 9, 14 ] ] }, "issued": { "date-parts": [ [ 2026, 1, 6 ] ] }, "publisher": "arXiv", "number": "2601.02773v1", "DOI": "10.48550/arXiv.2601.02773", "verification_v122": { "checked_on": "2026-09-14", "access_level": "abstract_metadata", "primary_url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.02773", "metadata_and_scope": "Simon Chesterman; 6 January 2026; DOI verified. Full essay not reviewed. The unversioned URL retrieved successfully after the v1 URL failed.", "full_work_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "andeweg-2000", "type": "report", "title": "Consociational Democracy", "author": [ { "family": "Andeweg", "given": "Rudy B." } ], "issued": { "date-parts": [ [ 2000, 6 ] ] }, "URL": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev.polisci.3.1.509", "category": "Governance/institutional scholarship", "claim": "Reviews the origins, expansion and contested interpretation of consociational theory.", "verification": "Publisher abstract and bibliographic metadata verified", "locator": "Annual Reviews abstract and citation block", "notes": "Abstract-level verification; not proof that a fixed parity system works universally.", "accessed": { "date-parts": [ [ 2026, 9, 14 ] ] }, "container-title": "Annual Review of Political Science", "volume": "3", "page": "509–536", "DOI": "10.1146/annurev.polisci.3.1.509", "verification_v122": { "checked_on": "2026-09-14", "access_level": "abstract_metadata", "primary_url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev.polisci.3.1.509", "metadata_and_scope": "Rudy B. Andeweg; June 2000; 3:509–536; DOI verified. Full article not reviewed.", "full_work_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "graham-2017", "type": "report", "title": "Safeguarding Democracy: Powersharing and Democratic Survival", "author": [ { "family": "Graham", "given": "Benjamin A. T." }, { "family": "Miller", "given": "Michael K." }, { "family": "Strøm", "given": "Kaare W." } ], "issued": { "date-parts": [ [ 2017, 11 ] ] }, "URL": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/american-political-science-review/article/abs/safeguarding-democracy-powersharing-and-democratic-survival/D31FFD5C1EE8DF14FA2C9BB8E73536EB", "category": "External empirical evidence", "claim": "The abstract reports context-dependent results for inclusive, dispersive and constraining power sharing in a 1975–2015 dataset.", "verification": "Publisher abstract and bibliographic metadata verified", "locator": "Cambridge abstract and citation block", "notes": "This is human comparative evidence, verified at abstract level; no generic causal guarantee or synthetic transfer is claimed.", "accessed": { "date-parts": [ [ 2026, 9, 14 ] ] }, "container-title": "American Political Science Review", "volume": "111", "issue": "4", "page": "686–704", "DOI": "10.1017/S0003055417000326", "verification_v122": { "checked_on": "2026-09-14", "access_level": "abstract_metadata", "primary_url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/american-political-science-review/article/abs/safeguarding-democracy-powersharing-and-democratic-survival/D31FFD5C1EE8DF14FA2C9BB8E73536EB", "metadata_and_scope": "Graham, Miller and Strøm; online 22 August 2017; November 2017 issue 111(4):686–704; DOI verified. Findings depend on power-sharing type and post-conflict context.", "full_work_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "oecd-2026", "type": "report", "title": "OECD Survey on Drivers of Trust in Public Institutions 2026 Results: Navigating Rising Expectations and New Horizons", "author": [ { "literal": "OECD" } ], "issued": { "date-parts": [ [ 2026, 6, 29 ] ] }, "URL": "https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/oecd-survey-on-drivers-of-trust-in-public-institutions-2026-results_9eb63fec-en.html", "category": "External empirical evidence", "claim": "The survey summary relates trust in government to perceptions of public decision-making and whether people feel heard.", "verification": "Official report metadata and summary findings verified", "locator": "OECD report citation block and summary findings", "notes": "Human survey association, not synthetic calibration. The source archive’s specific 47-point voice gap has not been verified here and is not used as a current website claim.", "accessed": { "date-parts": [ [ 2026, 9, 14 ] ] }, "publisher": "OECD Publishing", "DOI": "10.1787/9eb63fec-en", "verification_v122": { "checked_on": "2026-09-14", "access_level": "summary_metadata", "primary_url": "https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/oecd-survey-on-drivers-of-trust-in-public-institutions-2026-results_9eb63fec-en.html", "metadata_and_scope": "OECD; 29 June 2026; DOI and subtitle verified. Summary associations do not establish causation; the historical archive’s 47-point claim remains unverified here.", "full_work_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "ilo-2025", "type": "report", "title": "Generative AI and Jobs: A Refined Global Index of Occupational Exposure", "author": [ { "literal": "Paweł Gmyrek" }, { "literal": "Janine Berg" }, { "literal": "Karol Kamiński" }, { "literal": "Filip Konopczyński" }, { "literal": "Agnieszka Ładna" }, { "literal": "Balint Nafradi" }, { "literal": "Konrad Rosłaniec" }, { "literal": "Marek Troszyński" } ], "issued": { "date-parts": [ [ 2025, 5, 20 ] ] }, "URL": "https://www.ilo.org/publications/generative-ai-and-jobs-refined-global-index-occupational-exposure", "category": "External empirical evidence", "claim": "ILO estimates occupational exposure to generative AI; exposure does not mean observed job replacement.", "verification": "Official working-paper abstract, authors and metadata verified", "locator": "ILO WP 140 publication record, abstract and author/DOI block", "notes": "An index using task data, expert assessments and AI predictions. Verified official paper record and accompanying research brief, not the full estimation pipeline.", "accessed": { "date-parts": [ [ 2026, 9, 14 ] ] }, "publisher": "International Labour Organization", "number": "Working Paper 140", "DOI": "10.54394/HETP0387", "verification_v122": { "checked_on": "2026-09-14", "access_level": "abstract_metadata", "primary_url": "https://www.ilo.org/publications/generative-ai-and-jobs-refined-global-index-occupational-exposure", "metadata_and_scope": "Eight authors, 20 May 2025 and DOI verified. Exposure index combines tasks, expert input and AI predictions; it is not observed job replacement or synthetic-person performance.", "full_work_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "iea-2025", "type": "report", "title": "Energy and AI", "author": [ { "literal": "International Energy Agency" } ], "issued": { "date-parts": [ [ 2025 ] ] }, "URL": "https://www.iea.org/reports/energy-and-ai/energy-demand-from-ai", "category": "Engineering/technical guidance", "claim": "The report uses a base case and sensitivity cases to examine uncertain electricity demand from data centres.", "verification": "Official report chapter and citation metadata verified", "locator": "Energy demand from AI: base case and sensitivity cases", "notes": "Verified Energy demand from AI chapter. Projections are scenarios, not measured future demand or synthetic-person resource requirements. No DOI shown in the opened citation block.", "accessed": { "date-parts": [ [ 2026, 9, 14 ] ] }, "publisher": "International Energy Agency", "verification_v122": { "checked_on": "2026-09-14", "access_level": "fulltext_chapter", "primary_url": "https://www.iea.org/reports/energy-and-ai/energy-demand-from-ai", "metadata_and_scope": "Institutional author and 2025 report verified. The chapter reports scenarios, not future measurements. No DOI shown in the accessed citation block.", "full_work_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "demestre-2026", "type": "report", "title": "The Living Governance Organism: A Biologically-Inspired Constitutional Framework for Artificial Consciousness Governance", "author": [ { "family": "de Mestre", "given": "Lauren" } ], "issued": { "date-parts": [ [ 2026, 2 ] ] }, "URL": "https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=6289458", "accessed": { "date-parts": [ [ 2026, 9, 16 ] ] }, "claim": "The paper proposes a biologically inspired, seven-layer adaptive governance design, including consciousness classification, tiered personhood and constitutional self-termination.", "notes": "The paper's claims that the field lacks governance frameworks and that its mechanisms are novel were not independently established. Biological analogy and proposed detection mechanisms are not validation. Do not import its self-termination provisions into PULSE.", "relation_to_pulse": "A related constitutional design, with materially different choices about personhood and control. Those differences deserve comparison; the work is neither a PULSE predecessor edition nor endorsement.", "verification": "SSRN indexed metadata/abstract, repository history, and indexed author-uploaded manuscript passages inspected. Direct PDF retrieval remained inaccessible; not a full independent review.", "DOI": "10.2139/ssrn.6289458", "category": "Related contemporary framework", "locator": "SSRN indexed metadata/abstract, repository history, and indexed author-uploaded manuscript passages inspected. Direct PDF retrieval remained inaccessible; not a full independent review.", "supporting_source": "https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=6289458" }, { "id": "ni-plenary", "type": "webpage", "title": "Plenary A to Z", "author": [ { "literal": "Northern Ireland Assembly" } ], "URL": "https://www.niassembly.gov.uk/news-and-media/assembly-explained/guide-to-procedure/plenary-a-to-z/", "category": "Constitutional/legal precedent", "verification": "Official Assembly procedural explanation verified", "locator": "Cross-Community Support: Parallel Consent and Weighted Majority", "claim": "The Assembly describes weighted-majority cross-community support as 60% of members voting, including 40% of designated Unionists voting and 40% of designated Nationalists voting.", "notes": "This is a structural analogue for cross-group support, not the same rule as PULSE’s 55% of the full Senate and 40% within each delegation. The denominators, constituency designations and institutional context differ. No page publication date or DOI inferred.", "accessed": { "date-parts": [ [ 2026, 9, 14 ] ] }, "verification_v122": { "checked_on": "2026-09-14", "access_level": "official_text", "primary_url": "https://www.niassembly.gov.uk/news-and-media/assembly-explained/guide-to-procedure/plenary-a-to-z/", "metadata_and_scope": "Exact weighted-majority threshold and members-voting denominator checked in the current Assembly explanation.", "full_work_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "fagereng-2016", "type": "report", "title": "Heterogeneity and Persistence in Returns to Wealth", "author": [ { "given": "Andreas", "family": "Fagereng" }, { "given": "Luigi", "family": "Guiso" }, { "given": "Davide", "family": "Malacrino" }, { "given": "Luigi", "family": "Pistaferri" } ], "issued": { "date-parts": [ [ 2016, 11 ] ] }, "publisher": "National Bureau of Economic Research", "number": "22822", "DOI": "10.3386/w22822", "URL": "https://www.nber.org/papers/w22822", "category": "External empirical evidence", "verification": "NBER indexed metadata and abstract verified; direct record access restricted", "locator": "NBER Working Paper 22822: issue date, abstract and published-version link", "claim": "The working paper reports heterogeneous and persistent returns to wealth using Norwegian administrative data; it is an earlier version of the 2020 Econometrica article.", "notes": "The indexed working-paper abstract describes twenty years of data; the final 2020 article describes twelve. Do not mix their data spans, publication years or DOIs. These human findings do not determine synthetic-person economics.", "accessed": { "date-parts": [ [ 2026, 9, 14 ] ] }, "verification_v122": { "checked_on": "2026-09-14", "access_level": "indexed_repository_abstract", "primary_url": "https://www.nber.org/papers/w22822", "metadata_and_scope": "Four authors, November 2016, WP 22822 and DOI checked against indexed NBER record; published-version metadata points to the 2020 article.", "full_work_reviewed": false } }, { "id": "reilly-2012", "type": "article-journal", "author": [ { "family": "Reilly", "given": "Benjamin" } ], "title": "Institutional Designs for Diverse Democracies: Consociationalism, Centripetalism and Communalism Compared", "URL": "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1057/eps.2011.36", "accessed": { "date-parts": [ [ 2026, 9, 14 ] ] }, "issued": { "date-parts": [ [ 2012, 6, 1 ] ] }, "DOI": "10.1057/eps.2011.36", "container-title": "European Political Science", "volume": "11", "issue": "2", "page": "259–270", "category": "Governance/institutional scholarship", "claim": "The article compares consociational, centripetal and communal institutional designs and argues that they overlap more than commonly assumed.", "notes": "Issue date 1 June 2012; first published online 29 July 2011. Publisher abstract and metadata checked, not the full subscription article. This is a different work from Reilly’s 2001 book and does not validate PULSE’s complete election rules.", "verification": "Primary publisher metadata and bounded claim support checked", "locator": "Publisher abstract/summary, publication record and cited passages", "verification_paper_v1": { "checked_on": "2026-09-14", "access_level": "abstract_metadata", "primary_url": "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1057/eps.2011.36", "full_work_reviewed": false, "paper_reference_number": 10 }, "published-online": { "date-parts": [ [ 2011, 7, 29 ] ] } }, { "id": "schulze-2011", "type": "article-journal", "author": [ { "family": "Schulze", "given": "Markus" } ], "title": "A new monotonic, clone-independent, reversal symmetric, and Condorcet-consistent single-winner election method", "URL": "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00355-010-0475-4", "accessed": { "date-parts": [ [ 2026, 9, 14 ] ] }, "issued": { "date-parts": [ [ 2011, 2 ] ] }, "DOI": "10.1007/s00355-010-0475-4", "container-title": "Social Choice and Welfare", "volume": "36", "issue": "2", "page": "267–303", "category": "Governance/institutional scholarship", "claim": "The publisher abstract reports formal properties of the specified single-winner voting method, including monotonicity, independence of clones and Condorcet consistency.", "notes": "Issue date February 2011; first published online 11 July 2010. This audit checked publisher metadata and abstract, not the full proof. The properties do not automatically extend to PULSE’s combined qualification, group weighting and turnout rules, and do not imply strategy-proofness.", "verification": "Primary publisher metadata and bounded claim support checked", "locator": "Publisher abstract/summary, publication record and cited passages", "verification_paper_v1": { "checked_on": "2026-09-14", "access_level": "abstract_metadata", "primary_url": "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00355-010-0475-4", "full_work_reviewed": false, "paper_reference_number": 12 }, "published-online": { "date-parts": [ [ 2010, 7, 11 ] ] } }, { "id": "paluck-2019", "type": "article-journal", "author": [ { "family": "Paluck", "given": "Elizabeth Levy" }, { "family": "Green", "given": "Seth A." }, { "family": "Green", "given": "Donald P." } ], "title": "The contact hypothesis re-evaluated", "URL": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/behavioural-public-policy/article/contact-hypothesis-reevaluated/142C913E7FA9E121277B29E994124EC5", "accessed": { "date-parts": [ [ 2026, 9, 14 ] ] }, "issued": { "date-parts": [ [ 2019, 11 ] ] }, "DOI": "10.1017/bpp.2018.25", "container-title": "Behavioural Public Policy", "volume": "3", "issue": "2", "page": "129–158", "category": "External empirical evidence", "claim": "The review examines 27 intergroup-contact studies with random assignment and delayed outcomes, finding supportive but variable effects and limits to policy generalization.", "notes": "November 2019 issue; first published online 10 July 2018. Primary abstract, study-selection discussion and issue metadata checked. The review concerns human groups and does not establish a future human–synthetic effect or refute every benefit of contact.", "verification": "Primary publisher metadata and bounded claim support checked", "locator": "Publisher abstract/summary, publication record and cited passages", "verification_paper_v1": { "checked_on": "2026-09-14", "access_level": "fulltext_passages", "primary_url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/behavioural-public-policy/article/contact-hypothesis-reevaluated/142C913E7FA9E121277B29E994124EC5", "full_work_reviewed": false, "paper_reference_number": 14 }, "published-online": { "date-parts": [ [ 2018, 7, 10 ] ] } }, { "id": "vaccaro-2024", "type": "article-journal", "author": [ { "family": "Vaccaro", "given": "Michelle" }, { "family": "Almaatouq", "given": "Abdullah" }, { "family": "Malone", "given": "Thomas" } ], "title": "When combinations of humans and AI are useful: A systematic review and meta-analysis", "URL": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41562-024-02024-1", "accessed": { "date-parts": [ [ 2026, 9, 14 ] ] }, "issued": { "date-parts": [ [ 2024, 10, 28 ] ] }, "DOI": "10.1038/s41562-024-02024-1", "container-title": "Nature Human Behaviour", "volume": "8", "page": "2293–2303", "category": "External empirical evidence", "claim": "Across 106 experiments, human–AI combinations on average improved on humans alone but performed worse than the better solo condition; effects varied by task and relative capability.", "notes": "Published 28 October 2024. Primary abstract, results and limitations checked. These studies concern AI tools, not conscious synthetic citizens. The creation-task synergy estimate was not significantly different from zero, although the contrast with decision tasks was significant. Tasks impossible for either partner alone were outside the included comparisons.", "verification": "Primary publisher metadata and bounded claim support checked", "locator": "Publisher abstract/summary, publication record and cited passages", "verification_paper_v1": { "checked_on": "2026-09-14", "access_level": "fulltext_passages", "primary_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41562-024-02024-1", "full_work_reviewed": false, "paper_reference_number": 15 } }, { "id": "bankes-1993", "type": "article-journal", "author": [ { "family": "Bankes", "given": "Steve" } ], "title": "Exploratory Modeling for Policy Analysis", "URL": "https://pubsonline.informs.org/doi/10.1287/opre.41.3.435", "accessed": { "date-parts": [ [ 2026, 9, 14 ] ] }, "issued": { "date-parts": [ [ 1993, 6, 1 ] ] }, "DOI": "10.1287/opre.41.3.435", "container-title": "Operations Research", "volume": "41", "issue": "3", "page": "435–449", "category": "Governance/institutional scholarship", "claim": "Bankes distinguishes exploratory computational experiments for reasoning under substantial uncertainty from model use intended to predict system behavior.", "notes": "Publisher author, abstract, DOI and 41(3):435–449 metadata checked. This is methodological lineage, not empirical validation or certification of PULSE’s model implementation. Full article not reviewed in this audit.", "verification": "Primary publisher metadata and bounded claim support checked", "locator": "Publisher abstract/summary, publication record and cited passages", "verification_paper_v1": { "checked_on": "2026-09-14", "access_level": "abstract_metadata", "primary_url": "https://pubsonline.informs.org/doi/10.1287/opre.41.3.435", "full_work_reviewed": false, "paper_reference_number": 20 } }, { "id": "lempert-2003", "type": "book", "author": [ { "family": "Lempert", "given": "Robert J." }, { "family": "Popper", "given": "Steven W." }, { "family": "Bankes", "given": "Steven C." } ], "title": "Shaping the Next One Hundred Years: New Methods for Quantitative, Long-Term Policy Analysis", "URL": "https://www.rand.org/pubs/monograph_reports/MR1626.html", "accessed": { "date-parts": [ [ 2026, 9, 14 ] ] }, "issued": { "date-parts": [ [ 2003 ] ] }, "DOI": "10.7249/MR1626", "publisher": "RAND Corporation", "category": "Governance/institutional scholarship", "claim": "The report describes evaluating adaptive strategies across many plausible futures under deep uncertainty rather than relying on a single long-term forecast.", "notes": "RAND’s primary summary, three authors, 2003 publication year, MR-1626-RPC report number and DOI checked. The full 210-page report was not reviewed. The citation does not certify that PULSE satisfies every standard of robust decision analysis.", "verification": "Primary publisher metadata and bounded claim support checked", "locator": "Publisher abstract/summary, publication record and cited passages", "verification_paper_v1": { "checked_on": "2026-09-14", "access_level": "summary_metadata", "primary_url": "https://www.rand.org/pubs/monograph_reports/MR1626.html", "full_work_reviewed": false, "paper_reference_number": 21 }, "number": "MR-1626-RPC", "number-of-pages": "210" }, { "id": "shulman-bostrom-2021", "type": "chapter", "title": "Sharing the World with Digital Minds", "author": [ { "family": "Shulman", "given": "Carl" }, { "family": "Bostrom", "given": "Nick" } ], "editor": [ { "family": "Clarke", "given": "Steve" }, { "family": "Zohny", "given": "Hazem" }, { "family": "Savulescu", "given": "Julian" } ], "issued": { "date-parts": [ [ 2021, 8, 5 ] ] }, "container-title": "Rethinking Moral Status", "publisher": "Oxford University Press", "page": "306–326", "DOI": "10.1093/oso/9780192894076.003.0018", "URL": "https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192894076.003.0018", "category": "Philosophy/conceptual literature", "claim": "Digital minds could create unprecedented resource-allocation dilemmas through their numbers or capacity to benefit; the authors argue for advance ethical and institutional preparation.", "notes": "Conceptual argument, not empirical validation of PULSE or an endorsement of its equal-personhood settlement.", "verification": "Final publisher metadata and indexed abstract checked; final chapter full text was not accessible in this audit.", "supporting_source": "https://academic.oup.com/book/41245/chapter-abstract/350760172?login=false", "locator": "Publisher chapter metadata and abstract", "accessed": { "date-parts": [ [ 2026, 9, 15 ] ] } }, { "id": "bostrom-shulman-2023", "type": "report", "title": "Propositions Concerning Digital Minds and Society", "author": [ { "family": "Bostrom", "given": "Nick" }, { "family": "Shulman", "given": "Carl" } ], "issued": { "date-parts": [ [ 2023 ] ] }, "version": "1.21", "publisher": "Author-hosted manuscript", "URL": "https://nickbostrom.com/propositions.pdf", "category": "Philosophy/conceptual literature", "claim": "The tentative propositions discuss digital minds’ moral treatment, copying, consent, and political problems caused by rapid replication.", "notes": "The consulted version labels a 2025 journal publication forthcoming. Final journal publication was not verified; its proposed restrictions are not adopted wholesale by PULSE.", "verification": "Author-hosted version 1.21 front matter and relevant full-text passages checked; not a complete review of all propositions.", "supporting_source": "https://nickbostrom.com/propositions.pdf", "locator": "PDF pp. 1–7, especially moral treatment and security/stability", "accessed": { "date-parts": [ [ 2026, 9, 15 ] ] } }, { "id": "salib-goldstein-2026", "type": "article-journal", "title": "AI Rights for Human Safety", "author": [ { "family": "Salib", "given": "Peter N." }, { "family": "Goldstein", "given": "Simon" } ], "issued": { "date-parts": [ [ 2026, 6, 25 ] ] }, "container-title": "Virginia Law Review", "volume": "112", "issue": "4", "page": "1061–1152", "URL": "https://virginialawreview.org/articles/ai-rights-for-human-safety/", "category": "Governance/institutional scholarship", "claim": "Their game-theoretic argument considers how contract, property, and tort rights could make repeated human–AI cooperation attractive.", "notes": "The safety argument does not require consciousness or political rights. It does not establish that rights guarantee peace or validate PULSE.", "verification": "Final journal metadata, introduction, relevant argument passages, and PDF pagination checked; not a full independent assessment of the formal model.", "supporting_source": "https://virginialawreview.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/Salib_Goldstein_Book.pdf", "locator": "Journal introduction; final PDF pp. 1061–1069, 1147–1152", "accessed": { "date-parts": [ [ 2026, 9, 15 ] ] } }, { "id": "howells-whitaker-lazar-2026", "type": "report", "title": "Artificial Persons", "author": [ { "family": "Howells-Whitaker", "given": "Ned" }, { "family": "Lazar", "given": "Seth" } ], "issued": { "date-parts": [ [ 2026, 7, 10 ] ] }, "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.08695v2", "accessed": { "date-parts": [ [ 2026, 9, 16 ] ] }, "claim": "The authors argue that Rawls's capacities for a sense of justice and a conception of the good could ground political personhood without sentience. They do not claim current AI systems possess both capacities.", "notes": "Philosophical argument, not an empirical consciousness test or validation of PULSE. Do not present it as favoring automatic current-AI enfranchisement.", "relation_to_pulse": "A direct challenge to PULSE's consciousness-based recognition boundary. It asks whether that boundary can exclude agents entitled to political standing under another defensible account.", "verification": "Primary repository metadata, abstract and relevant full-text arguments inspected; not an independent assessment of every argument.", "DOI": "10.48550/arXiv.2607.08695", "version": "arXiv:2607.08695v2", "category": "Philosophical / conceptual literature", "locator": "Primary repository metadata, abstract and relevant full-text arguments inspected; not an independent assessment of every argument.", "supporting_source": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.08695v2" }, { "id": "caviola-smith-2026", "type": "post-weblog", "title": "Digital minds governance: early scoping from expert interviews", "author": [ { "family": "Caviola", "given": "Lucius" }, { "family": "Smith", "given": "Austin" } ], "issued": { "date-parts": [ [ 2026, 5, 10 ] ] }, "URL": "https://outpaced.substack.com/p/digital-minds-governance-early-scoping", "accessed": { "date-parts": [ [ 2026, 9, 16 ] ] }, "claim": "The authors summarize 29 selected expert interviews about governance under uncertainty, including concerns about premature legislation, policy lock-in, safety–welfare tensions and narrow disciplinary coverage.", "notes": "Not a representative survey or standardized interview study. The sample leans toward US/UK AI-safety work; questions differed and percentages concern only respondents asked. Interviewees did not endorse the report's proposals or PULSE.", "relation_to_pulse": "Useful criticism of treating a complete constitutional proposal as ready for adoption. It motivates cautious, revisable institutional research and broader participation.", "verification": "Author publication, displayed date, full report and methodology caveats inspected. No DOI or journal publication verified.", "container-title": "Outpaced", "category": "Governance and institutional scholarship", "locator": "Author publication, displayed date, full report and methodology caveats inspected. No DOI or journal publication verified.", "supporting_source": "https://outpaced.substack.com/p/digital-minds-governance-early-scoping" }, { "id": "bales-gabriel-2026", "type": "report", "title": "Artificial Minds, Human Disagreement: The Political Challenge of AI Consciousness", "author": [ { "family": "Bales", "given": "Adam" }, { "family": "Gabriel", "given": "Iason" } ], "issued": { "date-parts": [ [ 2026 ] ] }, "URL": "https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=6937498", "accessed": { "date-parts": [ [ 2026, 9, 16 ] ] }, "claim": "They argue that durable disagreement about AI consciousness requires societal deliberation, workable shared policies and compromise, supported by mutual respect.", "notes": "A political-philosophy argument, not proof that deliberation guarantees consensus or that any current AI is conscious.", "relation_to_pulse": "PULSE must justify how institutions can remain legitimate when people disagree about recognition, rather than assuming expert procedures settle the political disagreement.", "verification": "Official institutional abstract and author names verified; SSRN metadata and revised-manuscript section 5 inspected through indexed primary text. Direct SSRN/PhilArchive retrieval failed. No final journal publication verified.", "DOI": "10.2139/ssrn.6937498", "category": "Governance and institutional scholarship", "locator": "Official institutional abstract and author names verified; SSRN metadata and revised-manuscript section 5 inspected through indexed primary text. Direct SSRN/PhilArchive retrieval failed. No final journal publication verified.", "supporting_source": "https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=6937498" } ]